Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to overview studies related to the relationship between periodontitis and the severity of COVID-19.

Method: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to see an overview of studies related to the relationship between periodontal disease and the severity of COVID-19, especially hospitalization. From the systematic review, 12 pieces of literature are included in the eligibility criteria and analyzed (9 reviews and three meta-analyses).

Results: The estimated OR is 2.68 (z test p = 0.006), moderate heterogeneity is 61%. The periodontal treatment for patient COVID-19 were considered to prevent the death and severity of COVID-19.

Conclusion: Periodontal disease had been associated with the severity and mortality of COVID-19, even though the further studies are needed to generalize to other populations. Apart, we hope that COVID-19 patients, get more attention for their periodontal tissue conditions, in order to prevent the death and severity of these patients.

Objective: This study aimed to produce formula age determination by the root length of mandibular third molar on panoramic radiograph in Deutero Malay subject.

Material and Methods: The analytical study design was done with 130 mandibular third molars on 90 panoramic radiographs of the Deutero Malay subject from patients who visited the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Unit at Dental Hospital Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia. The inclusion criteria were patients in the age range between 15 to 21 years, panoramic radiograph with good quality, and the root of the mandibular third molar is still developing. The panoramic radiograph with the teeth showed root anomaly, dental pathology, and malposition as bucco-linguoangular were excluded. The root length of the third molar was measured from CEJ – root apex in millimeters following by Thevissen's modified scoring method using Fiji ImageJ-Win64. The simple linear regression of statistical IBM software was used to analyze the result. The reliability of the observers was evaluated to know the observer's variability.

Results: There was a very strong correlation between the root length of mandibular third molar and chronological age for male (R=0.949) with formula chronological age = 11,847 + 0,459 (Root Length), (R²=0.901), (SEE=0.692), and for female (R=0.946) with formula chronological age = 13,701 + 0,410 (Root Length), (R²=0.895), (SEE=0.622).

Conclusion: The root length of the mandibular third molar on a panoramic radiograph can be used for age determination in Deutero Malay subjects.

Objective: C. albicans infection is the most common opportunistic infection in humans, and the prevalence of this infection has been increasing recently. Exploratory research on materials that have antifungal potential is urgently needed. One of the stages in the study is the use of experimental animal models. By various extrapolations, we designed models of oral candidiasis for men and women. This study aims to evaluate the infection after the treatment we provide, both microbiologically and histologically.

Material and Methods: Our male and female rats lowered their immune systems with the corticosteroid methylprednisolone. The rats' drinking water was mixed with antibiotics to disrupt the balance of the oral cavity's normal flora. To facilitate C.albicans exposure and avoid loss of C.albicans, rats were previously injected with chlorpromazine HCL.

Results: The microbiological evaluation showed that in male and female rat models, the number of fungal colonies on oral mucosal swab cultures was significantly higher at five and eight days after exposure to putrefactive control mice. Histological evaluation showed that in model rats, the number of hyphae that penetrated the dorsum of the tongue was higher than in control rats five days after exposure.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the method we used is proven to produce oral candidiasis model rats, both male, and female

Objective: This study aimed to characterize the hydrophobicity of the functionalized scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications in Dentistry.

Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted in the Tissue Engineering Laboratory of The University of Sheffield. The scaffolds were polycaprolactone (PCL) and functionalized using heparin, divided into five groups of prepared electrospun scaffolds. i.e., 1) Fully coated heparin, 2) Random drops of heparin, 3) Organized drops of heparin, 4) Stamping-micropockets with heparin, 5) PCL scaffold only (Control). Hydrophobicity was characterized by measuring the contact angle of distilled water drops on the scaffolds. One-way ANOVA was used as a data analysis test, with p<0.05.

Result: The mean contact angle of each group was 63.33, 63.83, 63.33, 73.00, and 64.58, respectively. There was no group of scaffolds categorized as hydrophobics and no statistically significant difference among and within groups. 

Conclusion: The functionalized scaffolds were mostly un-hydrophobic, being a deliberation of their biocompatibility and role in bone tissue engineering application in dentistry.

Objective: The aim of this study was examined the inhibition of cocoa peel (Theobroma cacao L.) ethanol extract gel against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. One of antimicrobial agents that is frequently used for treatment of S.aureus infection is chlorhexidine. Prolonged use of chlorhexidine can cause side effects, such as discoloration of teeth, restorations and tongue, and also desquamative lesions of oral mucosa. Therefore, to minimize the side effects of synthetic antimicrobial agents, an alternative antimicrobial therapy is needed, such as topical antimicrobials derived from natural ingredients like cocoa peel.

Material and Methods: This study was an in vitro laboratory experimental study with a post test only control groupdesign. Identified cocoa peel were extracted using ultrasonic method with ethanol 70%  then formulated into gel with dosage of 20 mg/ml, 40 mg/ml, 80 mg/ml, 160 mg/ml, and 320 mg/ml, then tested using disk diffusion method and compared with positive control, chlorhexidine gel and negative control, gelling base.

Result: Inhibition zone was formed in group of cocoa peel ethanol extract gel with dosage of 80 mg/ml, 160 mg/ml, and 320 mg/ml, which indicated that there was inhibition activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The results of statistical tests showed that there were significant differences between sample groups.

Conclusion: ethanol extract gel of cocoa peel (Theobroma cacao L.) can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with dosage of 80 mg/ml, 160 mg/ml, and 320 mg/ml.

Objective: Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) is a benign intraosseous tumor of odontogenic origin, making up the third most common odontogenic cyst. KCOTs arise from the remnants of dental lamina or the basal cells of the overlying oral epithelium. KCOTs are characterized by an aggressive behaviour with a relatively high recurrence rate, especially if they are associated with syndromes. Treatment of KCOTs include marsupialization, saucerization, 

Methods: A 12-year-old child patient was referred to the Specialist Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cipto Mangkusumo Hospital. On physical examination, facial asymmetry, a fixated swelling and lump in right maxilla from the second molar to canine with tenderness were observed. A complete history was taken and clinical examination followed by complete enucleation with sulcular flap from 12 region until 18 regions was performed. The diagnosis was maxillary dentigerous cyst based on histopathological result after the operation. 

Results: The medical history was not significant and patient was in a generally good condition with no fever, nausea, pain, or difficulty in breathing. Extra oral examination showed facial asymmetry and visible lump in the right region of the maxilla.

Conclusion: The diagnosis of maxillary KCOT expanding to maxillary sinus can be achieved with adequate datas; history, clinical, and histopathological examinations. Careful surgical approach and proper treatment decision is crucial to avoid complications according to individual case of each patient, especially in children.

ABSTRACT

Objective: This case performs minimally invasive crown lengthening to minimize the incidence of gingival recession in the interdental area after the crown lengthening procedure. Methode: A patient has subgingival caries in teeth 12, 11, 22, and a lack of clinical crown length of tooth 22 for retention of the restoration. Clinical examination, radiographic photograph, and analysis of case models indicated the need for a crown lengthening procedure with a bone reduction to support the restoration. Crown lengthening was performed minimally invasive by maintaining the attachment of the papilla interdental of central incisors intact. The flap is only performed in areas that required bone reduction without breaking the attachment of the interdental gingiva. The bone reduction was performed using tungsten carbide bur. Results: One week after the crown lengthening showed fast healing and good repositioning of the gingival margins. After 3 months of crown lengthening showed no recession and no inflammation of the gingiva. Conclusion: This technique was effective to minimize gingival recession and increase the stability of the periodontal tissue after crown lengthening.