Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effect of COVID-19 infection on the manifestations that arise in the oral environment.

Methods : This study was conducted in the form of a literature review by collecting secondary data from online scientific article databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct.

Results: There are various oral manifestations of COVID-19. The most common oral manifestations were xerostomia, impaired taste, burning sensation, and oral/dental pain.

Conclusion : COVID-19 can cause manifestations in the oral environment which generally occur as early symptoms or in the acute phase of COVID-19.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of 8% and 16% cocoa bean extract gel in the healing of Wistar rats gingival incision wound.

Methods: Cocoa beans were extracted using the maceration method, diluted with a concentration of 8% and 16%, and the addition of CMC-Na as gel basis. The 24tailed mice are divided into 6 mouse-tails of treatment 1 given the 8% cocoa bean extract gel, 6-tails of treatment 2 given the 16% cocoa bean extract gel, 6-tailed mice positive groups given the drug Oxoferin solution 0,001%, and 6-tails of negative group given aquades. The treatment and wound length assessment of rats were carried out on the 1st day, 3rd day, 5th day, 7th and 10th days, then dieutanasia on day 10 using ether anesthesia and carried out the cutting of the mandibular bone using the gingival tissue to wound re-epithelialization observation with a microscope (Olympus BX-41) 200X magnification.

Results: One-way ANOVA and Post-HOC LSD tests presented a significant difference in the length of Wistar rats gingival wound closure between the treatment group that applied 16% cocoa bean gel extract, the negative and positive control groups, while between the 8% gel extract, the negative and positive control groups showed insignificant differences. Mean gingival incision wound re-epithelialization of each group on day 10 was 24.57 µm, 28.93 µm, 50.63 µm, 48.03 µm respectively.

Conclusion: The 16% cocoa bean extract gel treatment is effective in healing the gingival incision wound of Wistar rats after applied for 10 days.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the application of carbonated hydroxyapatite-propolis 10% on open flap debridement towards osteocalcin expression of periodontitis induced Oryctolagus cuniculus
Material and methods: Six rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were divided into three groups, which are carbonated hydroxyapatite-propolis 10% group, carbonated hydroxyapatite group, and open flap debridement group. Periodontitis on animal models was inducted with a combined technique using ligation and LPS injection of P.gingivalis. On each group, the animals were decapitated on day 7 and day 14 after the designated treatment. The immunohistochemistry assay was used to measure the osteocalcin expression. The data were analyzed statistically with Two Way Anova and continued with post hoc LSD.
Results: The results showed that the carbonated hydroxyapatite-propolis 10% group had the highest osteocalcin expression on day 7, followed by carbonated hydroxyapatite group and the open flap debridement group (p<0,05). There was no significant difference in the expression of osteocalcin on day 7 and day 14 (p>0,05) on the carbonated hydroxyapatite-10% propolis group
Conclusion: The application of carbonated hydroxyapatite-propolis 10% could increase the osteocalcin expression on periodontitis induced Oryctolagus cuniculus.

Abstract

Aim : This study aims to determine the effectiveness of lidocaine of local anaesthetic agent in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria.

Material and Methods : This type of research is a laboratory experimental with a post test only control group design. Microorganism used was Streptococcus mutans and cultured at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The local anaesthetic tested was a solution of lidocaine diluted with NaCl 0,9% to 0,5%, 1%, and  2%. The antibacterial activity test was carried out using diffusion method by dripping 25 µl of lidocaine (0,5%, 1%, 2%), positive control (amoxicillin), and negative control (NaCl 0,9%) on disc paper, then placed on nutrient agar, and incubated. After 24 hours, the inhibition zone formed around the disc paper was observed.

Results : Lidocaine showed antibacterial activity with the inhibition zone of 0,5%, 1%, 2% concentration was 6,98 mm, 7,66 mm, 8,36 mm. Then the data was analyzed using the One-way ANOVA test. From these results, there was a significant difference in the mean of the inhibitin zone (p < 0,05) between 0,5%, 1%, and 2% lidocaine, positive control, and negative control.

Conclusion : Lidocaine has antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans bacteria with an effective concentration of 2%.

Objective:  Poor denture hygiene could be a risk factor for denture stomatitis. Tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tabacum L.) can be used as a base for denture cleaning because tobacco leaves contain ingredients that are antibacterial and antifungal. Is there any effect of tobacco leaf extract (Nicotiana tabacum L.) effervescent tablets with a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, as an acrylic resin denture cleaner on the growth of C albicans and an effective concentration in the formulation of tobacco leaf extract effervescent tablets as a acrylic resin denture cleaner against the growth of C.albicans

Material and Methods: The type of this research is a laboratory experimental study with a randomized posttest only control group design. The samples were divided into 5 sample groups, namely: acrylic plate immersed in Effervescent tablet of tobacco leaf extract with a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75% for 30 minutes, acrylic plate for the commercially sold effervescent tablet for 20 minutes and acrylic plate immersed in distilled water for 30 minutes. The acrylic resin plate contaminated with C.albicans was then measured using a spectrometer to see the turbidity. Then the data analyzed using one way ANOVA.

Result: There were significant differences in all groups, except for the effervescent tablets of tobacco leaf extract (Nicotiana tabacum L.) with 75% concentration and commercially sold denture cleanser effervescent tablets which was .473. There was no significant difference.

Conclusion: Effervescent tablets of Tobacco leaf (Nicotiana tabacum L.) are 75% effective in inhibiting C.albicans with immersion time of 30 minutes

Abstract

Background: Post-orthognathic surgery evaluation can be performed using cephalometric skeletal analysis and a questionnaire method to assess the level of patient satisfaction with orthognathic surgery that has been performed. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of patient satisfaction after orthognathic surgery and the correlation between the patient satisfaction level after orthognathic surgery and the results of the cephalometric skeletal analysis. Methods: This research is analytic observational research. The subjects of this study were patients who had orthognathic surgery either BSSO, Osteotomy Le Fort 1, or Double Jaw Surgery. First, the subjects filled out a questionnaire about patient satisfaction after orthognathic surgery, the second was taking cephalometric radiographs which were then analyzed by the Steiner method by measuring the angles of SNA, SNB, ANB, and GoGN-SN. The subjects of this study were taken from patients who had undergone orthognathic surgery at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Hasan Sadikin Hospital (RSHS) and the Dental Hospital of Padjadjaran University (RSGM Unpad) Bandung in 2015-2020. The number of samples in this study was 10 people. The research was conducted from February 2020 to July 2020. The results of the questionnaire obtained as research data were scored and grouped into 3 groups, namely dissatisfied, satisfied, and very satisfied. Furthermore, the research data in the form of cephalometric analysis results were categorized into normal and abnormal. The two research data were then tested for their correlation using the Concordal Kendall correlation test, with a confidence level of 95% and alpha 5% using Excel MegaStat software. Results: The results of the study on 10 research subjects showed that all questionnaire scores were in the "satisfied" category. Cephalometric skeletal analysis of all cephalograms showed 50% normal SNA angle, 10% normal SNB angle, 80% normal ANB angle, and 90% normal GoGN-SN angle. The Concordal Kendall test results show the correlation coefficient value of 0.534 or 53.4%. The positive correlation coefficient shows a unidirectional relationship between the level of patient satisfaction after orthognathic surgery and the results of cephalometric skeletal analysis, meaning that the better the skeletal cephalometric analysis value, the higher the level of patient satisfaction. Conclusions:  On average, patients are very satisfied with the orthognathic surgery they have undergone. There is a correlation between the level of patient satisfaction after orthognathic surgery and the results of the cephalometric skeletal analysis.

Our sight is a sense which provides maximum information required to achieve daily goals. Most of the skills, technique, and activities carried out routinely are related to our vision. In people with visual impairement, there are limitations of moving around in different surroundings and performing basic activities due to which managing them becomes a challenging task for Pediatric dentists. With the introduction of ATP (Audio-Tactile Performance) it has become easier for both dentist and the child to get along with each other and also the dentist can easily convey all the procedures to be done in child. The purpose of this paper is to describe the management of a visually impaired 12-year-old child by using ‘ATP technique’ and ‘Tell-Feel-Do technique’.

Abstract

Objective: Ectopic teeth are teeth that are located deep in the jawbone or in other areas outside the alveolar bone, such as nasal cavity, chin, mandibular bone, palate, orbital cavity, and maxillary sinus. The presence of teeth in the maxillary sinus can cause an inflammatory reaction in the sinus and cause local sinonasal symptoms such as nasal obstruction, facial fullness, headache, hyposmia, and recurrent chronic sinusitis, due to obstruction of the sinus ostium and it can also develop into cysts. Replantation of bone fragments after tooth extraction using the Bone Lid technique can maintain sinus volume. The aim of this paper is to report the extraction of ectopic teeth in the maxillary sinus by using Bone Lid technique.

Methods: A 9-year-old girl was referred from ENT clinic with complaints of pain in the right cheek and sniffles which were diagnosed as maxillary sinusitis. Radiographic examination showed that the canine tooth was located on the right maxillary sinus. The ectopic canine tooth was removed with a modified bone lid technique.

Result: The panoramic radiograph and Waters’ projection radiograph postoperatively showed there were no ectopic teeth in the sinus and no volumetric changes of maxillary sinus cavity. In the clinical evaluation of 1 month postoperatively, there were no complaints of pain and sniffles.