Microbicidal mechanism with producing free radical superoxide is one of neutrophil response to the bacterial
invasion. When overproducted, the free radical superoxide greater than antioxidan defense system and destroyed the
cell itself. P.gingivalis had been knowed as the major bacteria that induce periodontal inflammation. These bacteria
can stimulated neutrophil activities. This was aimed to determinate the superoxide production from neutrophil
stimulated with P.gingivalis. Neutrophil as samples were isolated from subject who fulfill the selected criteria. The
intracelluler superoxide production was determinated by nitroblue tetra zolium (NBT)test and the extracelluler
production by spectrophotometer with wave length 580 nm. The result showed there was superoxide production from
neutrophil stimulated by P.gingivalis. It was concluded that the stimulation of P.gingivalis on neutrophil can promote
superoxide production both intracelluler and extracelluler.

The study aimed to determine the effect of prickly pear cactus extract in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus
aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. The laboratory experimental study using diffusion method. The
concentration of the prickly pear cactus fruit extract used was 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, whereas bacterial samples
derived from the laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin. The observation of
several concentrations showed a decrease in the number of colonies contained S.aureus, S.mutans, C.albicans
significant with increasing concentrations of the prickly pear cactus fruit extract. From these observations, the
largest inhibitory concentration present in a concentration of 100%. The conclusion is the fruit of the prickly pear
cactus extract can inhibit the growth of S.aureus, S.mutans, and C.albicans. The higher the concentration of the
extract, the more reduced the growth of S.aureus colonies, S.mutans, and C.albicans and vice versa.

There are many traditional medicines that can be used as alternative medicine. One of them is methanol extract of
mauli banana stems. Some people in North of Hulu Sungai Banjarmasin use it as healing agent. The aim of this
research was to test antibacterial activity of mauli banana stems extract against Streptococcus mutans; as well as to
determine the effective concentration of its antibacterial activity against S.mutans. The extraction was conducted by
maceration method. Viscous extracts were diluted by using 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and filtered with Whatman paper
filter. Those extracts were divided into four treatment groups: 6.25% (I), 12.5% (II), 25% (III), and control (-)(IV).
Groups I, II, and III were added with Muller Hinton media to reach the concentrations. 100 μL S.mutans suspension of
0.5 Mc Farland was administered to each concentration, incubated for 18 hours, diluted to 1/10 using NaCl. 100 μL
was taken and planted to blood agar media for 24 hours incubation. The numbers of S.mutans colonies were counted
and statistically analysed by one-way anova test and post hoc LSD (p<0.05). The results showed that there were
significant differences between each treatment, and extract concentration of 25% had better antibacterial activity than
the others. It was concluded that extract of mauli banana steams have antibacterial activity against S.mutans, and
mauli banana stem have the potential to be used as an alternative herbal mouthwash.

Patient dissatisfaction occurs in both developing and developed countries. Patient satisfaction is a very subjective
thing; it is difficult to measure, changeable and there are many factors influencing person’s level of satisfaction. Betel
leaf (Piper betle)has many benefits to health. Betel leaf is a natural ingredient that is known to contain phenols and
volatile oil which gives the most distinctive smell in the betel leaf. Solution of betel leaf can also be used as a
mouthwash and denture cleansers. In addition, there are several kinds of commercially available cleanser, such as
alkaline peroxide. This study was aimed to know the level of denture users’ satisfaction in Dental Hospital, Faculty of
Dentistry, Hasanuddin University against denture cleanser. By using an observational analytic method, sample of this
study were all removable denture users inserted in April to May 2013. Polident and betel leaf extract of 20% were used
as cleansers. Data were collected by questionnaires and processed by chi-square test using SPSS v.21.0. The level
satisfied of patient using alkaline peroxide was 100; compared with betel leaf extract of 20% was dissatisfied (p=
0.000). It was concluded that alkaline peroxide denture cleanser gives a different sense of satisfaction significantly
compared with the betel leaf extract.

Orthodontic treatment requires complete planning. Various analyzes is needed to determine the treatment plan; one of
them is analysis of tooth size differences or Bolton analysis. Orthodontic treatments in Dental Hospital of Hasanuddin
University do not apply Bolton analysis, so it is necessary to know the overview of Bolton index of the cases that have been
treated. This observational descriptive study was conducted in Department of Orthodontics, Dental Hospital of
Hasanuddin University in March-May 2012. The samples were patients who completed treatment in 2010-2011. A total of
156 samples consisting of 117 females and 39 males. The result showed that the non-intervention group Ideal Anterior
Bolton Ratios and group Overall Bolton Ratio <93.21% have a tendency orthodontic treatment success rate, higher than
the other groups. While the group Overall Bolton Ratio <89.39% showed the lowest successful rate of orthodontic
treatment. The conclusion is the case with interventions of extraction, slicing, and expansion showed inconsistencies
tendency of the three categories of orthodontic treatment outcome assessment, namely canine position, overjet, and
overbite.

Head trauma cases can involve os.zygoma and maxilla. Injury to the nerves is one of the complications that can be
encountered as a result of the fracture fragments shift. This paper reported one case of n.infraorbitalis paresthesia
following zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture. A 30 years old man was referred to the Department of Oral Surgery,
Dr.Sardjito Hospital with a history of traffic accident two weeks before admission. The patient complained of right
cheek area feels numbness, bite changed and there was a protrusion of bone under his right eye. Clinical examination
found paresthesias of right n.infraorbitalis, left posterior open bite, and bone displace at right infraorbital rim. At the
Water's x-ray and 3D CT scan visualized fractures involving the right maxillary and infraorbital rim. Open reduction
internal fixation (ORIF) zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture, with miniplate supported by arch bar as a device to
achieve individually normal occlusions, was performed under general anesthesia. Postoperative follow up indicate
paresthesia symptoms gradually decreased and totally recover within 5 months. Prognosis for this case was bonam. It
was concluded that ORIF with miniplate, combined with mounting arch bar can support paresthesia correction due to
the displacing of fracture fragment zygomaticomaxillary complex.