Objective : Angular cheilitis is a type of oral soft tissue disease that can occur in children and adults, the condition is characterized by cracks and inflammation on both corners of the mouth. Although this disease can not cause severe disorder, it quite disturbs one's activity and physical appearance. Mild Angular cheilitis will recover itself over times. However severe conditions can cause pain and bleeding. This paper aims to inform colleagues about management of angular cheilitis in children.

Objective : Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seeds contain high of phytonutrients and phytochemicals, rich in polyphenol antioxidants namely tannins and flavonoids which also have antibacterial activity. Streptococcus sanguis is a bacterium known as one of the factors causing Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS). To examine the potential antibacterial of Pomegranate seeds against Streptococcus sanguis.

Material anda Methods : In vitro study of Pomegranate seed were extracted with maceration method using 70% ethanol as the solvent to obtain stable extract, continued with phytochemical screening against phenolic, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoid, saponins and tannins.  The extract was evaluated for Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericide Concentration against Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556, using microdiluted method through 96 wells microplate.

Results : Chlorhexidine was used as positive control while 70% ethanol was used as solvent as well as negative control. Phytochemical screening gave positive results for phenolics, flavonoids, steroids, saponins and tannins. Microdilution test showed the concentration of 500 ppm as MIC and MBC value at 2,000 ppm.

Conclusion : Pomegranate seeds extract have a growth inhibitory against Streptococcus sanguis with MIC value of 500 ppm and 2,000 ppm as MBC.

Objective : The early attachment process of plaque formation is dominated by Streptococcus sp. Chemical antiplaque agent can optimize plaque control.

Material and Methods : Materials of antiplaque have side effects, so it is necessary to do research of alternative antiplaque materials. One of them use red beet root because contain some antibacterial substance. The aim of this study was examine the effectiveness of rinsing red beetroot juice to Streptococcus sp. on dental plaque.

Results : This study was a quasi-experimental research with the post test only control group design. Subjects were 27 students from Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember who fulfilled the criteria, have been scalled, and given the knowledge of how to rinse. The subjects were divided into three groups, and instructed to rinse for 30 seconds using chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2%, distilled water, and red beet root juice. Plaque were taken at the buccal maxillary first molar. Plaque were diluted and planted on streptococcus media for 24 hours, the number of colonies counted using colony counter. Analysis of One-Way ANOVA have significance 0.000, means decreased the number of Streptococcus sp.

Conclusion : Rinsing red beet root juice was effective to decrease the number of Streptococcus sp. on dental plaque.

Objective : Nowadays several ways  have been evolved  to increase the hardness of the enamel surface as an effort to prevent caries. One of the alternatives that can be used is application of gel with herbal basic material.

Material and Methods : The use of herbal basic material is preferred by people because the side effects are relatively small compared to synthetic drugs. Piper betle and cocoa beans are medicinal plants that is often used by people to inhibit caries. This is because piper betle and cocoa beans contain hardness that may influence the enamel surface. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of piper betle extract gel and cocoa bean extract gel against the hardness of enamel surface. The samples, maxillary first premolar teeth, which has been extracted and does not have caries, were divided into 3 treatment groups: piper betle extract gel, cocoa bean extract gel, and distilled water as a negative control. Each treatment group consisted of 8 samples. The samples are decoronated in cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) areas and planted on orthoplast blocks with labial surface facing up. Samples were applied in labial enamel surface to 5, 15 and 35 minutes period times. Samples before and after the application in each treatment group were measured using Universal Hardness Tester. Data were collected and analyzed using ANNOVA Repeated test.

Results : Showed there were significant differences (p <0.05) of enamel surface hardness before and after the application of cocoa bean extract gel. There were no significant differences (p> 0.05) of enamel surface hardness before and after the application of piper betel extract gel and distilled water.

Conclusion : Therefore it can be concluded that cocoa been extract gel is more effective to increase the hardness of email surface. 

Objective : Impaction of the third molar tooth mandibular is often found in patients with orthodontic treatment. In orthodontic treatment, extraction cases of impaction of the third molar tooth are usually performed, but the patients often refuse this extraction. Extraction of premolar has a good effect on the third molar mandibular angulation during treatment.

Material and Methods : This study is a retrospective clinical study with descriptive analytic to find out the effect of the first mandibular premolar tooth extraction to angulation change of the third molar mandibular in orthodontic treatment with a standard edgewise method. Angulation change was performed by comparing the third molar mandibular angulation before and after orthodontic treatment with panoramic radiographs. Angulation of the third molar tooth mandibular was calculated from the angle formed between the long axis of the tooth with the reference line infraorbita.

Results : The sample comprised 60 of impacted mandibular third molar region of the left and right regions of 30 patients who had been treated declared cured in clinic of orthodontic specialist of Dentistry Faculty Padjadjaran University. The sample was divided into three (3) groups of patients before treatment angulation of the third molar tooth mandibular under 30⁰, 30⁰ to 60⁰ and above 60^o, then measured change of angulation and observed whether it increased, fixed or decreased. Results were analyzed by T- test and Wilcoxon test showed that there was a significant change in angulation of the third molar mandibular in orthodontic treatment with the first premolar tooth mandibular extraction.

Conclusion : This study is that the first premolar tooth mandibular extraction affects the angulation of the third molar tooth mandibular after orthodontic treatment.

Objective : Determination of the vertical dimension of occlusion (DVO) tends to changes throughout the human life. The vertical dimension is determined by the interocclusal point of the upper and lower teeth contact so the application is limited when the natural teeth was missing. As the result, many functional and aesthetic changes are occurred in the whole orofacial region and stomatognathic system. DVO is one of the difficult stages in prosthodontic treatment. Most of the techniques to determine DVO in edentulous patients are based on the soft tissue references, which can cause the different measurements. Cephalometric analysis allows the evaluation of bone growth changes and can be used as a diagnostic tool in prosthodontics to evaluate the results of prosthodontic rehabilitation.

Methods : The purpose of this case report was to find out the results of the vertical dimension of occlusion measurements in maxillomandibular relation by using cephalometric photo in patients who have been long lost their teeth and have never been using denture.

Results : A 50 year old female patient, partially edentulous on the upper and lower jaw with the remaining teeth were 12 (residual root), 11,21,23,33 and 43. The remaining teeth were endodontically treated prior the complete denture procedure. Cephalometric photo was done in patients after making bite rim, upper and lower bite rim were given metal marker, the image was traced, then measured between metal to get the vertical dimension of occlusion.

Conclusion : The measurement results of the vertical dimension of occlusion by using cephalometric photo on making full denture were more accurate, so it could improve and restore the masticatory function, aesthetic function and phonetics.

Objective : Overjet is a horizontal relationship between maxillary and mandibular incisors. Normal range from overjet is 2-4 mm. Increased overjet is marked by maxillary incisor’s protrusion. A 6 mm overjet will have impact on psychological and social relationship of children due to the aesthetics of the face profile. Increased overjet has relationship with Class II Angle malocclusion, Class II skeletal sagittal relationship, and mandibular retrognathia. Clinical problem caused by increased overjet in children are maxillary permanent incisors trauma in growing age, damaged periodontal tissue, lip incompetency, social impact such as lack of confidence in children, and also increased overjet has a close relationship with Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) sign and symptoms.

Methods : Increased overjet case can be managed by maxillary retraction of labial segment and increasing mandibular labial segment. Case management are based on skeletal and soft tissue pattern and patient’s age. Reducing overjet can be based on using several appliances, such as functional removable appliance to modify dental and skeletal relationship, fixed orthodontic appliances with tipping and bodily movement or using jaw reposition by orthognathic surgery.

Results : One of the effective appliance to reduce overjet, especially Class II malocclusion treatment is Twin Block Functional Appliances developed by Clark. Twin Block appliances is used for developing age children in certain time period to support mandibular growth. This appliance is easy to use, so the patient cooperativity can be maintained. Maximum treatment depends on children’s cooperativity.  By using Twin Block functional appliance, we can observe that early treatment can be effective to reduce overjet, to change skeletal pattern, and to increase children psychology such as self-confidence by making aesthetic changes to their faces significantly.[B1] 

Conclusion : This appliances is made with 70^o angle to occlusal plane. Maxillary arch lateral expansion can be achieved with expansion screw. Patient will be instructed to use the appliance for 24 hours a day.[B2] 

Objective: To give information about management of releasable full denture in patient with pseudo jaw relation class III

Methods: A 58 years old woman came with complaints that she could not chew food and felt shy when she laughed, the woman asked a denture made for her. Last tooth withdrawal was 3 months ago. Shape of upper jaw sharp edge is triangle (pointed alveolar ridge), while lower jaw sharp edge is in resorbtion condition. Making of denture was started with initial molding, physiology molding, bite determination, and teeth arrangement based on Lingualized occlusion to insertion.

Results: A case with pseudo jaw relation class III successfully treated using denture with lingualized occlusion.

Conclusion: Teeth arrangement using occlusion pattern Lingualized occlusion can give natural appearance to patient and stability of denture.