Objective: Periodontal therapy success is dependent on proper diagnosis and removal of sub gingival tooth–borne deposits such as acquired pellicle, calculus. and bacterial plaque biofilm besides, proper case selection and patient cooperation. From clinical perspective, enhanced visualization during the diagnostic and therapeutic periods has been given away to produce better results when matched to old-style approaches. Minimally invasive periodontal therapy  appraises the benefits of using minimal invasive techniques, the knowledge available for improving visualization during therapy. This review reports the benefits and drawbacks of minimally invasive periodontal surgery and validation for current approach.

Methods: Keywords such as minimally invasive periodontal surgery, periodontal surgery, and regeneration was used to search in Google and PubMed. Full text articles in English that were published from 1995 to 2016 are presented. Only case and control studies and randomized clinical trials were included in this review.

Results: Abstracts and articles published in other languages were not included in the review. This review makes available an evidence–based assessment of the knowledge and procedures.

Conclusion: Minimally invasive periodontal surgery might be considered a true reality in the field of periodontal regeneration. Clinical improvements seen were consistently associated with very limited morbidity.

Objective: The aim of this study is to know the impact of mouth-rinsing using chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% with the number of plaque-causing bacterial colonies in fixed orthodontic users. One of the most common problems is malocclusion. The solution is to do orthodontic treatment but the side effect is very susceptible to having poor mouth hygiene due to oral microflora which has changed and the difficulty to clean the appliance.

Material and Methods: This research type is quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest with control group design. The sample, which consist of 30 college students of fixed orthodontic users was divided into two groups where the first group was given the chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% and the second group was given aqua Dest. A swab on teeth samples were taken before treatment, on 7th day and 14th day to observe the number of bacteria colonies by cup-counting method at Microbiology Laboratory, Pharmacy Faculty of Hasanuddin University.

Results: The results of repeated ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni test by using SPSS program (23rd version) showed that the value baseline was 333.86 ± 11.8, on 7th day was 229.26 ± 6.3 and on 14th day was 127.40 ± 7.8 with the p-value = 0.000. The result of general linear model analysis on 7th day and on 14th day was p = 0.000 which means there is significant decrease in the number of bacteria colonies.

Conclusion: Mouth-rinsing using chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% significantly affects the amount of plaque-causing bacterial colonies in fixed orthodontic users (p < 0.05) with the percentage drop is 61.84%.

Objective: To analyze correlation between the denture use satisfactions and quality life of elderly and the relationship between gender and denture use satisfaction

Material and Methods: This study is an observational analytical study. The sample of study is elderly population aged ≥50 years who live in Luwu Timur, South Sulawesi, the sample was to fill the questioner form based on OHIP-EDENT from WHO. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between gender and denture use satisfactions.

Results: Spearman’s correlation test results for each domain OHIP-EDENT and OHIP-EDENT total showed a significant correlation of (p < 0.05) between denture use satisfaction and functional limitations, physical pain, psychological discomfort, and physical disability domain showed significant. Meanwhile, chi-squared test for denture use satisfactions to gender does not have a significant relationship.

Conclusion: The denture use satisfactions has no correlation to quality of life of older adults. The gender dose not influence the satisfactions in denture use.

Objective: Gnathoschisis is the most common congenital craniofacial abnormality in patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CL and/or P). The panoramic radiograph is one means to establish a diagnosis and treatment plan with two-dimension photograph. The cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is one means of supporting the maxillofacial to get a three-dimension photograph. The aim of this study was to determine the difference in the results of the use of panoramic photos and CBCT in evaluation before and after gnathoplasty surgery.

Material and Methods: This is an observational descriptive research with cross-sectional study method. All samples that meet the suitable criteria are put in this research. The data gained by collecting status card at medical record installation about photo panoramic application in gnathoschisis patients was then compare to the examination with CBCT.

Results: The result performed shows that there is a significant difference between panoramic and CBCT picture. The CBCT provide better evaluation about teeth age and segment position of jaw curve from the cleft size. While the panoramic photo provides a widely covered area to observe facial and teeth bone.

Conclusion: The CBCT results are more accurate in evaluating gnathoplasty surgery than panoramic photo; however, exposure to the radiation should be considered.

Objective: To evaluate the safety of a pomegranate seeds ethanolic extract in Swiss Webster mice.

Material and Methods: Pomegranate seed’s ethanolic extracts were evaluated for minimum inhibitory concentration against streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556, using microdilution method through 96-wells microplate. In acute toxicity test, 12 females and 12 males Swiss Webster mice weighing 20–30 grams were divided into four groups, each consisting of 3 females and 3 males. Three groups were orally given of sample with concentrations 0.2% equivalent to 40 mg/kg, 0.4% equivalent to 80 mg/kg, and 0.8% equivalent to 160 mg/kg, while the control group was given distilled water. Observations were made at 30, 60, and 90 minutes, for 24 hours and 7 days.

Results: The MIC against Streptococcus sanguis was on 2000 ppm concentration and until 24 hours observation no lethal effect occurred on the mice, but at the 7 days observation in the group of 0.8% per kilogram body weight, the lethal effect occurred at one mice.

Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of pomegranate seeds has antibacterial effect and no acute systemic toxicity, which can be considered safe on the use as oral topical solution since the toxic dose is greater than 160 mg/kg of body weight.

Objective: Sialolithiasis is a common disease of the salivary glands. Sialolithiasis occurs mainly in the submandibular gland (80–90%) and to a lesser extent in the parotid gland (5–20%). Sialoliths may be single or multiple. Multiple sialolith in the submandibular gland are rare. Seventy to 80% of cases feature solitary stones; only about 5% of patients have three or more stones.  Patients commonly experience pain and/or swelling.

Methods: A 51-year-old male came to Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery with a swelling and pain at the right submandibular. The panoramic radiograph showed a radiopacity mass with well-defined in right submandibular. The Ultrasonographic interpretation showed hypoechoic inhomogeneous mass with multiple calcification.The submandibular gland removal was performed by extraoral approach.

Result:Multiple sialolith in the submandibular gland are rare. A surgical approach for removal of sialolith in the submandibular gland could be intraoral or extraoral. In this case report, we described five stones in the submandibular gland. which were removed by extraoral approach.

Conclusion: There are various methods available for the management of salivary stones. In this case report, removal of the submandibular gland with the stone should still be preferred as the gold standard of treatment and could avoid recurrence of this medical condition.

Objective:The periapical dental radiography using bisect technique needs a special skill in managing autistic patient. Autism is one of the characteristics from handicapped children with behavioral syndrome caused by neurological disturbance characterized by behavioral disturbance, communication, and social interaction difficulties occurringin the first three years of the children life.Problems occurringin dental radiography in such children make the bisect technique necessary. Dentist and the operator need to do special preparations to optimally create the dental radiograph using two approaches, i.e. nonpharmacological and pharmacological approaches.

Methods:In this case, dental imaging using bisect technique for autistic children is performed using modified technique for periapical and occlusal imaging as well as nonpharmacological approach.

Result:Theradiograph examination for autistic children using modified technique can be done successfully.

Conclusion:Dental radiographin autistic children canbe performed by modifying periapical radiograph using bisecting technique with nonpharmacological approach.

Objective: To present a casereport of a 20 years old male with Le Fort II fracture accompanied with blowout fracture and its management.

Methods: A 20 years old male patient with chief complaint of maxillary fracture and inability to chew food, also felt limitation of right eye movement and double vision was then diagnosed with Le Fort II fracture accompanied with blowout fracture of the right orbital base. The patient was rehabilitated using open reduction internal fixation of the maxilla to achieve good occlusion continue with immobilization. The orbital base fracture was rehabilitated by orbital mesh placement and release of tissue trapped inside the orbital base fracture fragments to achieve normal position and movement of the eyeball.

Results: One month post-surgery follow-up showed the face was symmetrical and the enophthalmos was corrected. A good occlusion was reached.

Conclusion: Proper management of Le Fort II fracture accompanied with orbital base blowout fracture can restore the function of the eye, mastication, and occlusion. Symmetrical and proportional facial esthetics are among the indicators of a successful holistic maxillofacial trauma management.