Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of three storage temperatures on microhardness of high- and low-viscosity bulk-fill materials and compare them with conventional resin-based composite materials.

Material and Methods: Six composite resin-based materials were used in this study (TN, TNB, TNF, FZ250, FB, and FBF), samples were subdivided into three groups based on the pre-curing storage temperature (5°C, 23°C, 37°C). Light polymerization for each material was performed based on the manufacturer’s recommendation using a Bluephase G2 curing unit (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) in a high-intensity mode with an irradiance of 1200 mW/cm². Vickers hardness values of the top and the bottom surfaces of each sample were evaluated using a NOVA 130series, Vickers and Knoop hardness testing instrument under a 200-gram load and a dwell time of 10 seconds.

Results: When the tested materials were stored at room temperature (23°C) before testing in the present study, they failed to reach the minimum 80% of the mean bottom to top hardness value ratio except for FZ250 and FBF, where they reached 97.8% and 83.2% respectively.

Conclusion: Despite the promising results from this preliminary study, regarding improvement of microhardness with refrigerated composite resins, further research has to be conducted. The enhancement of hardness values associated with preheated composites could be beneficial in countries with warm climates, such as Saudi Arabia.

Objective: This research aims to explore the potential of brown algae species padina sp. as a dental impression material by examining the physical characteristics of the sodium alginate extraction of brown algae species padina sp.

Material and Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental with one-shot case study design. Samples are brown algae species padina sp. from Punaga and Puntondo beach in South Sulawesi. Brown algae species padina sp. is extracted to obtain sodium alginate and further tested for physical characteristics including viscosity test and water content.

Results: The extraction of brown algae species padina sp. resulted in 250 grams (25%) of brown powdered sodium alginate that smelled fishy. Physical characteristic tests revealed the water content of sodium alginate species from brown algae padina sp. was 8%. This result is acceptable for sodium alginate water content as set by the Food Chemical Codex that requires less than 15% water content. The measurement of the viscosity obtained is 13.33 cps.

Conclusion: These results indicate that the species of brown algae padina sp. has the potential to be one of the basic materials of dental impression material.

Objective: The purpose of creating the river water pollution information systems related to oral and dental health community is to facilitate the analysis of diseases caused by water pollution.

Material and Methods: The Environment-based Health Management Information System based on GIS is based on real data of Bedadung River-Jember Regency, East Java, Indonesia includes the location of the dumping points, photo dumping points, the area of garbage accumulation, and tooth and mouth disorders that arise due to contamination of river water, which is associated with community dental and oral health data that taken by survey.

Results: Through the Environmental Health Information System information can be displayed about the environment and the dental and oral status of the population around the Bedadung river.

Conclusion: The use of the Environment-Based Health Management Information System is very important to help support the government's decision to prevent the spread and severity of community diseases caused by river water pollution, reduce morbidity and mortality, and reduce the burden of government financing to treat diseases and disability integrated in an integrated manner.

Objective: Trying to explain the extent to which our students’ ability to identify, through dentition, a bite mark injury.

Material and Methods: As many as 30 students in the Dental Faculty of Prof. Dr. Moestopo University involved in this study demonstrated their ability to identify traces left behind from the experimental bite mark of alginate impression. The data obtained will be tabulated to explain the subject's ability to identify the bite mark injury.

Results: The data showed that the identification ability of subject of senior-semester students is lower than that of junior-semester students. The identification ability of the student decreases with the time elapsed since when the related lesson (dental anatomy) is given. Dental anatomy was given in the first semester and the lowest score of identification ability indeed achieved by subjects in the highest semester (senior students at semester eight involved in this program study).

Conclusion: In this case, it is evident that repetition is an important factor in a learning process, and therefore, it is necessary to think of a way to do it appropriately in the curriculum of the dentist education program in our faculty.

Objective: This study aims to know the difference of urea levels in saliva of plaque-induced gingivitis patients and in healthy patients at the Periodontology Clinic of Faculty of Dentistry USU.

Material and Methods: This analytical study used a spectrophotometer to see urea levels in 30 salivary samples of gingivitis patients and healthy patients.

Results:  After the samples were analyzed, it was found that the urea level in saliva of gingivitis patients was higher with the mean score of 52.062 g/dL whereas the urea level in saliva of healthy patients was 26.614 g/dL. The results of this study are in line with several studies conducted using various methods and samples.

Conclusion: The urea level in saliva of plaque-induced gingivitis patients was significantly higher when compared with healthy patients.

Objective: To report a case of giant sialolith in the submandibular
duct in which sialolithotomy and sialodochoplasty procedures were
performed with an intraoral and extraoral approach.

Method: A 47 years old male patient reported a complaint of swelling
in the left lower jaw which triggered discomfort, particularly when
eating. The extraoral examination found 50 mm sized swelling that
was firm in consistency, not painful and showed the same colour as
the tissue in the left submandibular region. Meanwhile, the intraoral
examination indicated a 5 mm sized whitish firm mass on the mucosal
floor of the mouth. The panoramic radiograph examination showed
a multiple radiopaque mass in the left mandible with a well-defined
border. A multiple mass was found by the CT-scan examination in
the left submandibular region and floor of the mouth. Sialographic
examination described a total obstruction in the left submandibular
duct and allegedly chronic inflammation-induced sialolith.

Results: Sialolithotomy was done with an intraoral and extraoral
approach after which sialodochoplasty was also performed to insert
the pediatric feeding tube no. 8 aiming to retain the shape and
function of the submandibular duct.

Conclusion: Treating giant sialolith with sialolithotomy followed
by sialodochoplasty has given a satisfactory result without any
complication and recurrence.

Objective: Maxillary molars are known to have three roots (two buccal and one palatal) and the occurrence of four-rooted maxillary molars is uncommon. Maxillary teeth with accessory roots have been classified into four categories based on root configurations. The presence of an accessory root may complicate an otherwise routine exodontia of the maxillary third molar, especially because of the proximity of the floor of the maxillary antrum and the maxillary tuberosity.

Methods: A 35 year old male patient was referred to the Oral Diagnostic Sciences Clinic from the Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) Clinic on account of right-sided facial pain of one-month duration. Intraoral examination, revealed a carious maxillary right third molar
that was tender to percussion. Periapical radiograph revealed large coronal radiolucency involving the distal half of the tooth with extension into the distal pulp horn. The portrayed outlines of the roots showed two buccal roots and the outlines of what appears to be two straight palatal roots.

Results: Socket extraction of the maxillary third molar under local anaesthesia.

Conclusion: In clinical practice of endodontics and oral surgery, it is good practice to anticipate the likely presence of an accessory root on a maxillary molar in order to avoid post-operative complications following treatment.