Objective: This paper aims to review the studies of the saliva analysis for forensic odontology purposes, starting from identifying the saliva stain and extracting the saliva sample.

Methods: A literature review was performed using textbook (2016) and online search in scientific databases: PubMed^®, ScienceDirect^®, JDMFS online, EBSCOhost^® (from 2002 to 2017). The studies generated were screened and selected by a single examiner based on the following criteria: full text articles with abstracts reporting on saliva and forensic odontology or personal identification and all articles are written in English.

Results: From the articles gained by the author, the author found that saliva stain can be detected through many ways and can be extracted using single swab or double swab technique. Saliva analysis can be used to detect drug and hormone abuse, to detect intoxication, to identify suspects and victims of a crime or disaster, and also to identify bitemark’s perpetrator.

Conclusion: Saliva is a very useful diagnostic tool in forensic odontology. Its detection and analysis is very important in verifying the existence of a crime, in identifying suspects and victims of a crime, and in personal identification in mass disaster.  Despite all the usefulness of saliva analysis, the existence of saliva in crime scene is often difficult to be confirmed, therefore it is better to combine more than one saliva stain identification tool to confirm.

Objective: To determine the effect of manufacturing technique of temporary imitative crown on the gingiva health.

Material and Methods: The clinical experimental study was conducted on 10 samples for each the manufacturing technique of temporary imitative crowns. On sample we conduct clinical examination by using plaque and gingival indexes, as well as DHE and scaling at the beginning of the study. And then we count the number of bacterial colonies by using swab method on the cervical part of the provisory. Data were analyzed by chi-square test.

Results: There was an effect between the manufacturing technique of temporary imitative crown with plaque and gingival indexes and there was a significant correlation between the manufacturing techniques of provisory on the gingiva health (p<0.05).

Conclusion: There was an effect between the manufacturing techniques of the temporary imitative crown on the gingival health. The manufacturing technique of indirect-direct has minimum effect on the gingival health.

Objective: To compare Chloroxylenol 4.8% and Povidone Iodine 7.5% on total bacterial count post WHO routine hand washing on clinical students at the department of oral surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara

Material and  Methods: This was an experimental study with post-test only control group design approach. Purposive technique is applied to collect samples which are clinical students. In this study, sample were divided into 3 groups and each consisting of 10 people. Aquadest was used as control group while Chloroxylenol 4.8% and Povidone Iodine 7.5% was used as the treatment group. Each member performed routine handwashing using WHO method for 1 minute long.

Results: The results were statistically analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney Test. The comparison between Chloroxylenol and Povidone Iodine showed no significant difference to the total bacteria count after handwashing (p>0.05) but the Chloroxylenol group showed a greater mean reduction.

Conclusion: Chloroxylenol and Povidone Iodine are capable reducing the number of bacteria in hands, therefore it can be a good antiseptic choice for hand washing.

Objective: To analyze saliva parameter such as salivary pH, total protein, buffer capacity, as well as sodium and potassium level on smoker and non smoker patients after exposed to intraoral radiography.

Material and methods: This study was an observational study with cross-sectional design. Samples were smoker and non smoker patients who were referred to Dental Hospital Hasanuddin University. Saliva samples were taken by draining method. Samples were transferred immediately to Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Science to be processed regarding saliva pH, saliva total protein, buffer capacity, as well as saliva sodium and potassium level. Saliva pH were measured with pH meter Hanna instruments, total protein with Lowry’s method, buffer capacity with Ericcson’s method, sodium and potassium level with atomic absorption spectrophotometer Parking Elmer A400. Data were then analyzed with statistical test Kolmogorov Smirnov, independent t-test, and oneway Anova with p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Result: There were no significant difference on salivary pH, buffer capacity and potassium level between smoker group and non smoker group (p>0.05) before exposed to intraoral radiography, but we found significant difference on saliva total protein and sodium level between smoker and non smoker group (p<0.05) before radiography exposure. There were no significant change on salivary pH, total protein, buffer capacity, sodium and potassium level after exposed to intraoral radiography (p>0.05) on both smoker and non smoker group.

Conclusion: Exposure of intraoral radiographs did not have significant effect on salivary pH, total protein, buffer capacity, as well as sodium and potassium level.

 

Objectives : To analyze genotoxic and sitotoxic indicators of buccal epithelial cells by measuring the number of cells contain micronucleus, pycnosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis and to determine the change in oxidative stress of  oral mucosa cells using salivary MDA levels between smokers and nonsmokers before and after exposure to intraoral radiographs during endodontic treatment.

Material and Methods : This research was an analytic observation research with cross-sectional design. The sample was divided into smokers (n = 5) and non-smokers group (n = 5). The buccal epithelial cells was taken with cytobrush and unstimulated saliva in each group were taken by the draining method shortly before intraoral radiography, 10±2 days after first  day exposure, 10±2 days after second day exposure. The cells were stained using Papanicolau (PAP) kit and observed by pathologist. Genotoxic and cytotoxic indicator measured by counted the number of cells contain mironucleus, pyknosis, karyorrhexis and karyolysis under light microscope with 400X magnification according to the Tolbert criteria in 1000 cells. While oxidative stress of cell measured by salivary MDA with Thiobarbitoric Acid (TBA) assay.

Result : The number of micronucleus, pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis in buccal epithelial cells and salivary MDA levels in smokers was higher than non-smokers (p<0,05). There were no significant differences in genotoxic and cytotoxic indicators and salivary MDA levels before and after the last exposure in smokers and non-smokers (p>0,05).

Conclusion : The results of this study indicate that the use of intraoral radiographs is within safe limits despite repeated exposure after several days.

Objective: This study is made to identify the effect of extracts in Clausena excavata 50% on the number of fibroblasts and the density of collagen fiber in recovery after tooth extraction.

Material and Methods: This is a true experimental designed with post-test only control group design, using 24 rats were divided into two groups, each group of three rats. Lower incisor tooth extraction performed lower left, into the tooth socket CMC applied to the control group and 0.5% extract treatment group Clausena excavata 50%. The number density of fibroblasts and collagen fibers were observed on days 3, 7, 14 and 21 with Haematoxylin Eosin staining and Mallory. The differences in density of collagen fibers observation group with Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results: There are significant differences in a number of fibroblasts and density of collagen fibers between a control group and socket treatment group (p <0.05).

Conclusion: The extract Clausena excavata 50% can fasten the wound recovery by increasing the number of fibroblasts and collagen fibers.

Objective:Cerebral palsy (CP) is a postural syndrome and non-progressive motor disorder due to pyramida and extrapyramidal tract damaged that causes limited motor activity and often accompanied by cognitive impairment or visual deficits. Limited motor activity causes the process of brushing teeth to be hampered so that oral hygiene becomes low. Nowadays there many types of toothbrushes that required difficult motor activities so it is not effective for children with CP. Wall Mounted Automatic Toothbrush with an automation system es expected to help CP children maintained their oral hygiene.

Material and Methods:This study was clinical experimental with one group pretest posttest design in 5 samples in SMPLB and SMALB DYPAC Jember. Data analysis was the One Way Anova and Post-Hoc test using the Least Significat Diffferent. The Material of this study is wall mounted automatic tootthbrush and manual toothbrush, both of them is used by children with cerebral palsy

Results:There are significant differences between all treatment groups. The lowest of Silness and Loe plaque index of all treatment groups is the treatment group after brushing teeth with manual toothbrush.

Conclusion:The conclusion of this study is wall mounted automatic toothbrush can improve oral hygiene measured by the Silness and Loe plaque index.

Objective: Ossifying fibromas is a benign type of fibro-osseous tumor. These lesions may arise in the maxillary or mandible, but generally have more predilection of the mandible. Women are more often affected.

Methods: A female patient, aged 40 years old, came to the Oral and Maxillofacial Polyclinics at Hasan Sadikin Hospital, complaining of a lump in the upper jaw. The lump effect makes the face asymmetrical, painless and has a hard consistency. We diagnosed this patient with ossifying fibroma. Ossifying fibroma is a kind of lesion that can spread to all directions, so it can resemble a sphere shape. Enucleation and curettage are the common treatment. Larger lesions, which have significant expansion or aggressive growth features, may require resection or wide excision

Results: In this case our treatment ossifying fibroma is wide excision with ferguson webber incision technique and good results.

Conclusion: Ossifying fibromas is a benign type of fibro-osseous tumor. Wide excision is an option for a large size of ossifying fibroma.