Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to overview studies related to the relationship between periodontitis and the severity of COVID-19.

Method: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to see an overview of studies related to the relationship between periodontal disease and the severity of COVID-19, especially hospitalization. From the systematic review, 12 pieces of literature are included in the eligibility criteria and analyzed (9 reviews and three meta-analyses).

Results: The estimated OR is 2.68 (z test p = 0.006), moderate heterogeneity is 61%. The periodontal treatment for patient COVID-19 were considered to prevent the death and severity of COVID-19.

Conclusion: Periodontal disease had been associated with the severity and mortality of COVID-19, even though the further studies are needed to generalize to other populations. Apart, we hope that COVID-19 patients, get more attention for their periodontal tissue conditions, in order to prevent the death and severity of these patients.

Objective: This study described the risk prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorder in students Faculty of Medicine, Mulawarman University, Class of 2018-2020.

Material and Methods: This research is a descriptive study using a survey method.

Results: The sample consisted of 504 participants, 136 of them were men (27%) and 368 of them were women (73%), with an average age of 19.36 years old.

Conclusion: It is concluded from this research that women had a high risk of experiencing temporomandibular disorder by 65.9%. The age that has a high risk of experiencing temporomandibular disorder is 20 years old with a prevalence of 29.0%. Class 2019 students who have a high risk of experiencing TMD are 32.5%.

Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of robusta green coffee gel on the collagen density in Wistar rats.

Material and Methods: The subjects were 45 Wistar rats, each wounded with a 3 mm punch biopsy in the mandibular incisor gingiva. The rats were then divided into 5 groups, namely the positive control group (Povidone-iodine 10%), negative control (gel base), and 3 treatment groups (10%, 20%, and 40% concentration of Robusta green coffee gel). The intervention was carried out twice a day. A total of 3 mice in each group were then sacrificed on the 5th and 10th days to see the collagen density using the Mallory Trichrome staining technique. Collagen density was observed using a microscope with 400x magnification in 5 fields of view. Kruskal Wallis test was used for data processing.

Results: There was no difference in collagen density regardless of the coffee gel concentration at each observation time, with p>0.05.

Conclusion: There was no effect on the times of observation or dose concentration of robusta coffee gel on collagen density on gingival wound healing in Wistar rats.

Objective: People with intellectual disability often have poor oral health, which can negatively impact their quality of life. It has been unclear which barriers that contributes to this, especially among institutionalized intellectual disability in Padang city. This qualitative study explores the underlying barriers to oral healthcare from the perspective of the caregivers as well as people who living with them.

Material and Methods: Qualitative exploration was undertaken using in-depth interviews with caregivers in the public intellectual disability institution, Padang city. Data were collected from three caregivers. Thematic analysis identified key themes to explore in depth of the barrier oral healthcare among individuals with ID used N-vivo software.

Results: Both individual and caregiver barriers to oral healthcare are offered to people with intellectual disability. These barriers include severity disorder, lack of focus and uncontrolled dietary intake. Caregivers lack knowledge and information regarding their rights to oral healthcare for individuals with special needs, the imbalance ratio caregiver and financial problem were also barriers.

Conclusion: Individuals with ID face several barriers in maintain oral hygiene such as severity of disorder, the lack of attention, imbalance ratio of caregivers and children, dietary intake, oral health education of caregivers, and financial problems.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the difference in signs of TMJ disorders in Indonesian Air Force soldiers.

Material and Methods: This was a cross sectional study. The research subjects were 39 Indonesian Air Force soldiers who were underwent periodic health check up at Lakespra Dr. Saryanto Jakarta who had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.. The data obtained were tested with one way Anova, Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney test by SPSS.

Results: The three groups had signs of TMJ disorders in different proportions. The Paskhas Corps had the highest percentage of abnormalities in the examination of muscle palpation, TMJ palpation, and TMJ auscultation of 23%, 23%, and 53.85%, respectively. Meanwhile, the Airforce Pilot had the most abnormalities in mandibular movement, about 92%. The results of statistical tests showed that there were significant differences in the TMJ auscultation examination in the three groups, but not on other examinations.

Conclusion: Exercises and heavy physical loads in the Paskhas Corps can affect the masticatory muscles and cause microtrauma in the TMJ resulting in the occurrence of TMJ symptoms is higher.

Objective: The aim of this study was examined the inhibition of cocoa peel (Theobroma cacao L.) ethanol extract gel against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. One of antimicrobial agents that is frequently used for treatment of S.aureus infection is chlorhexidine. Prolonged use of chlorhexidine can cause side effects, such as discoloration of teeth, restorations and tongue, and also desquamative lesions of oral mucosa. Therefore, to minimize the side effects of synthetic antimicrobial agents, an alternative antimicrobial therapy is needed, such as topical antimicrobials derived from natural ingredients like cocoa peel.

Material and Methods: This study was an in vitro laboratory experimental study with a post test only control groupdesign. Identified cocoa peel were extracted using ultrasonic method with ethanol 70%  then formulated into gel with dosage of 20 mg/ml, 40 mg/ml, 80 mg/ml, 160 mg/ml, and 320 mg/ml, then tested using disk diffusion method and compared with positive control, chlorhexidine gel and negative control, gelling base.

Result: Inhibition zone was formed in group of cocoa peel ethanol extract gel with dosage of 80 mg/ml, 160 mg/ml, and 320 mg/ml, which indicated that there was inhibition activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The results of statistical tests showed that there were significant differences between sample groups.

Conclusion: ethanol extract gel of cocoa peel (Theobroma cacao L.) can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with dosage of 80 mg/ml, 160 mg/ml, and 320 mg/ml.

Objective: Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) is a benign intraosseous tumor of odontogenic origin, making up the third most common odontogenic cyst. KCOTs arise from the remnants of dental lamina or the basal cells of the overlying oral epithelium. KCOTs are characterized by an aggressive behaviour with a relatively high recurrence rate, especially if they are associated with syndromes. Treatment of KCOTs include marsupialization, saucerization, 

Methods: A 12-year-old child patient was referred to the Specialist Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cipto Mangkusumo Hospital. On physical examination, facial asymmetry, a fixated swelling and lump in right maxilla from the second molar to canine with tenderness were observed. A complete history was taken and clinical examination followed by complete enucleation with sulcular flap from 12 region until 18 regions was performed. The diagnosis was maxillary dentigerous cyst based on histopathological result after the operation. 

Results: The medical history was not significant and patient was in a generally good condition with no fever, nausea, pain, or difficulty in breathing. Extra oral examination showed facial asymmetry and visible lump in the right region of the maxilla.

Conclusion: The diagnosis of maxillary KCOT expanding to maxillary sinus can be achieved with adequate datas; history, clinical, and histopathological examinations. Careful surgical approach and proper treatment decision is crucial to avoid complications according to individual case of each patient, especially in children.

ABSTRACT

Objective: This case performs minimally invasive crown lengthening to minimize the incidence of gingival recession in the interdental area after the crown lengthening procedure. Methode: A patient has subgingival caries in teeth 12, 11, 22, and a lack of clinical crown length of tooth 22 for retention of the restoration. Clinical examination, radiographic photograph, and analysis of case models indicated the need for a crown lengthening procedure with a bone reduction to support the restoration. Crown lengthening was performed minimally invasive by maintaining the attachment of the papilla interdental of central incisors intact. The flap is only performed in areas that required bone reduction without breaking the attachment of the interdental gingiva. The bone reduction was performed using tungsten carbide bur. Results: One week after the crown lengthening showed fast healing and good repositioning of the gingival margins. After 3 months of crown lengthening showed no recession and no inflammation of the gingiva. Conclusion: This technique was effective to minimize gingival recession and increase the stability of the periodontal tissue after crown lengthening.